What is Autism?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), according to the ICD-10 classification, is a profound developmental disorder. It is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as repetitive behaviors and restricted interests. Typically, symptoms appear in the first years of life, most often before age three, and they can vary significantly from one child to another.
Main features
Communication and Social Interaction Deficits:
Individuals may have difficulty initiating or sustaining a conversation.
They often show lack of eye contact or use body language unusually.
They may struggle to understand their own emotions and those of others.
Additionally, they often prefer individual activities over group interactions.
Repetitive Behaviors and Restricted Interests:
Individuals often perform repetitive movements, such as hand flapping or body rocking.
They may follow rigid routines and show resistance to change.
Additionally, they can develop an intense focus on a specific subject or object.
They often display increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli, including sounds, textures, or lights.
How does Autism occur?
Autism does not have a single cause. Instead, it results from a complex combination of genetic and biological factors. In addition, hereditary predispositions and complications during pregnancy or birth, such as lack of oxygen, premature birth, or maternal infections, may contribute. Furthermore, exposure to substances like heavy metals and pesticides, as well as disturbances in cellular metabolism, are also considered possible factors.
Recently, the immune system has attracted attention in research. Many children with autism show chronic inflammation in the brain, known as neuroinflammation. Consequently, these processes can affect the development and function of neurons, especially in areas involved in language, perception, and social behavior.
What is STEM CELL treatment and how does it work?
Autologous stem cell treatment involves harvesting your own cells from bone marrow, usually from the pelvis. Next, the cells are processed and concentrated in a controlled medical environment. Finally, they are administered into the lower back, into the fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
These cells can release anti-inflammatory factors, regulate your immune system, reduce inflammation, and support your brain’s natural function. As a result, they help improve neural health and overall brain performance.
The procedure is performed in a safe medical environment and takes about 60 minutes. Since these are your own cells, the risk of side effects or rejection is very low. Additionally, harvesting, processing, and administration take place on the same day in a well-structured process.
How can the treatment help with autism?
Studies show that neuroinflammation is present in many children with autism. Importantly, the administered stem cells release substances that reduce these inflammatory processes and positively influence the environment in which neurons function. Consequently, the goal of treatment is to improve brain conditions so the child’s development is supported and essential everyday skills can be built more effectively.
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What are Developmental Disorders?
Developmental disorders are a group of conditions that appear early in childhood and affect the natural development of essential skills, including speech, movement, learning, and social interaction. Typically, the first signs are observed in the first years of life, a period of rapid brain development.
Children who experience these difficulties not only learn more slowly, but also in ways that differ noticeably from typical developmental paths. Moreover, these disorders can vary in intensity and often occur together. Without proper support, these challenges tend to persist and can have long-term effects on daily life, school adaptation, and social relationships.
How do developmental disorders occur?
Developmental disorders usually result from an interaction of several factors: biological, genetic, and environmental. Specifically, genetic factors play an important role. In some families, similar traits are observed in multiple members, suggesting an inherited predisposition that may increase the risk of developing a developmental disorder.
Additionally, certain events during pregnancy or birth can influence development. These include lack of oxygen at birth, premature birth, infections, or early-life inflammation. Such factors can affect the maturation of brain areas responsible for speech, movement, or attention.
As a result, development is not only delayed but also accompanied by persistent difficulties in understanding, using, or correlating skills such as language, coordination, or perception. Many children require specialized support to manage daily challenges.
Furthermore, the environment in which a child grows up plays a key role in development. Constant stress, lack of affection, or limited opportunities to practice communication, movement, or social skills can exacerbate existing difficulties. Although these factors are not direct causes, they can influence how the disorder develops over time.
Types of Developmental Disorders
Language Development
Children with language disorders often start speaking later than their peers. They may use few or difficult words, have trouble understanding instructions, or speak in very short sentences. Additionally, some children struggle to pronounce sounds correctly or connect words logically.
For example, a three-year-old child may say only a few words and not understand simple questions well.
Motricity
Children with a developmental movement disorder may appear clumsy or display unusual posture or movement. They often struggle with everyday activities, such as drawing, dressing, or maintaining balance.
For example, a five-year-old child may be unable to zip up a jacket independently and may avoid activities like jumping or climbing.
Learning in the School Environment
Children with specific learning disorders often have significant difficulties in reading, writing, or arithmetic, despite normal intelligence. These problems are persistent and cannot be explained by lack of practice.
For example, an eight-year-old child may confuse letters when reading and struggle to understand simple sentences, even with much effort and practice.
Attention and Behavior
Children with developmental disorders in this area often show poor concentration, excessive agitation, or impulsive behavior. They are easily distracted and struggle to control their emotions.
For example, a seven-year-old child may frequently interrupt conversations, stand up during class, and become overwhelmed when faced with multiple tasks.
Social Develpoment & Communication
This category includes disorders such as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), where social interaction, communication, and behavior develop in fundamentally different ways.
Currently, the term “autism spectrum” is used because manifestations can vary considerably from person to person. Due to the complexity of this condition, we will discuss the topic in more detail in the next section.
Children and teenagers living with a confirmed diagnosis of mental illness:
APPROX.
source: unicef.org
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